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Vacuum pumps are devices that have been used extensively in laboratories and industrial settings in recent years. For detailed information on where vacuum pumps are used and how to diagnose malfunctions, please take a look at our content. We hope you enjoy reading it.

What is a Vacuum Pump (Blower)? What Does It Do?

Vacuum pumps, also known as blowers, are devices invented by Otto von Guericke in 1650. The vacuum pump device, which provides considerable convenience, is preferred for creating a vacuum or low pressure in an environment while removing gases and liquids from that environment. The aforementioned vacuum pumps create a vacuum level between 1 Torr and 277 Torr and are frequently preferred in areas such as ventilation, cooling, industrial, and transportation systems. Vacuum pumps, which provide great convenience in terms of both pressure and spraying, offer significant ease in terms of work.

When discussing the general advantages of vacuum pumps, it is important to mention that

• Provides suction capability for aspiration or filtration of liquid samples.
• It controls solvent pressure by reducing pressure in rotary evaporators.
• By evaluating air molecules, the device increases its detection sensitivity.
• Collects gas samples from the atmosphere.
• Provides vacuum pressure to prevent the escape of hazardous sample materials.

What is the Working Principle of a Vacuum Pump? How Does It Work?

Vacuum pumps have a unique operating principle. In accordance with this operating principle, vacuum pumps create a vacuum by evacuating gases from a closed system. In addition, the operating principle of a vacuum pump is based on removing gas molecules from a closed space and creating low pressure in that space. Vacuum pumps, which are highly efficient in terms of performance, are based on three main operating principles. These are:

Gas Venting

A vacuum pump creates an internal pressure difference by discharging the gases inside it to the outside. This internal pressure difference helps the gases in any environment to move towards an area with lower pressure. This reduces the internal pressure.

Gas Collection

Vacuum pumps typically use a suction chamber to collect the gases inside. These chambers also contain a mechanism that draws the gases into the pump.

Compression or extraction of gas

Vacuum pumps quickly discharge gases by compressing them or drawing them in with a vacuum. This process is generally carried out by mechanical parts or mechanisms located in the pump.

Blower Performance Measurements

The performance speed of vacuum pumps is determined based on certain metrics and calculations. Based on these calculations, it is easy to understand how effective and efficient the vacuum pump is. When measuring the performance of these blowers, the pumping speed is multiplied by the gas pressure at the inlet. The result gives us the number of efficient molecules.

Blower Pressure Ranges

The performance measure resulting from the product of the pumping speed and the inlet gas pressure is called the blower pressure range. These ranges are divided into five sections. These are: Low vacuum, Medium vacuum, High vacuum, Ultra-high vacuum, and Extreme high vacuum. The specified pressure ranges have different characteristics within themselves. These characteristics are as follows:

• Low Pressure: Low-pressure blowers typically create a vacuum level below atmospheric pressure. These types of blowers are used in applications such as dust collection systems, domestic centrifuges, and air beds. The low pressure range can be between 1 kPa (kilopascal) and 10 kPa.
• Medium Pressure: Medium pressure blowers can generate higher vacuum levels and are typically used in industrial applications. These applications include food processing, plastics manufacturing, and water treatment systems. The medium pressure range is generally between 10 kPa and 100 kPa.

• High Pressure: High-pressure blowers are machines that can generate higher vacuum levels and are commonly used in industrial processes. These types of blowers are used in applications such as air transport, vacuum-assisted processing, and gas transfer, and can operate at pressures ranging from 100 kPa to 1,000 kPa or higher.
• Ultra High Pressure: Ultra high pressure blowers are machines that can generate very high vacuum levels and are used in specialized applications. These types of blowers are used in high-precision applications such as semiconductor manufacturing, electron microscopes, and lasers, and the ultra high pressure range is higher than 1,000 kPa.

Pressure Range	Mbar	Tor
Low vacuum	1000-1	760-0.75
Medium vacuum	1-10¯³	0,75-7,5¯³
High vacuum	10-10¯⁷	7,5-7,5¯⁷
Ultra-high vacuum	10-10¯¹¹	7,5-7,5¯¹¹

Types of Vacuum Pumps

Vacuum pumps are available in four different types, each designed to meet different application requirements and based on different operating principles. These different types of vacuum pumps are generally classified as dry vacuum pumps, oil-lubricated vacuum pumps, water-based vacuum pumps, and rotary vane vacuum pumps. These vacuum pump types are used in a wide range of applications, including industrial, scientific, and medical fields. Here are some common types of vacuum pumps:

Dry Vacuum Pumps

Dry Vacuum PumpsDry vacuum pumps are vacuum pumps that do not use oil or liquid to create a vacuum, i.e., they perform a dry process. While many traditional vacuum pumps use oil or liquid to create a vacuum, dry vacuum pumps do not require such oils or liquids. These dry vacuum pumps are highly environmentally friendly since they do not require oil or liquid. As a result, they reduce environmental waste and waste management issues. Additionally, these vacuum pumps offer ease of maintenance, eliminating the need for periodic maintenance requirements such as oil changes or checking fluid levels.

Fixed Wing Vacuum Pumps

Fixed-blade vacuum pumps are mechanical devices used to create a vacuum or reduce air pressure. These types of pumps rely on the contraction and expansion of the space between fixed blades or stators to transport gas. Gas is drawn from the area where expansion occurs and pushed into the area where contraction occurs. This process reduces the gas’s pressure level, thereby creating a vacuum. The rotor or stator inside the pumps typically has a stationary structure, which is why they are referred to as “fixed” vacuum pumps. Fixed vacuum pumps are frequently used in industrial processes, the chemical industry, and the wood industry.

In Which Fields Are Vacuum Pumps Preferred?

Vacuum pumps, which are successful in many areas, especially in the industrial field, provide advantages in terms of work. The areas where the aforementioned vacuum pumps are used include:

• Food and Beverage Industry: The food industry, one of the areas where vacuum pumps are frequently preferred, is an area where vacuum pumps are greatly needed. For example, vacuum pumps are used during the packaging, unloading, and transportation of food products. They are also widely used in vacuum packaging processes.
• Pharmaceutical Industry: Another area where vacuum pumps are frequently used is in pharmaceutical institutes. During drug production, vacuum pumps are used to clean, dry, and package drug substances, thereby ensuring a more sterile production process.
• Automotive Industry: Vacuum pumps, which make a significant contribution to automobile production, are among the most useful devices in automobile manufacturing. Vacuum pumps are preferred in many applications, especially tire mounting, brake systems, air conditioning, and emission control systems.
• Chemical Industry: The chemical industry, which is an important branch of the pharmaceutical and paint industries, prefers vacuum pumps for easier and faster processing. Vacuum pumps are frequently used during chemical processes, such as emptying reactors, vaporizing solvents, and vacuum distillati
• Electronics Industry: These vacuum pumps, which are also preferred in the electronics industry, enable many processes to take place. They are used in particular in the production of semiconductor devices, microchips, and other electronic components.
• Medicine and Health: The medicine and health sector, which is important for all of us, is a sector that requires attention and where there is no room for error. In this sector, where the risk of error is zero, the ease and precision of vacuum pumps are utilized. Vacuum pumps, which are frequently preferred, are used in medical devices and other health applications, especially in laboratories.
• Physics and Astronomy Research: Physics and astronomy, which are extremely important fields for humanity, are crucial for the advancement of scientific research. At this point, vacuum pumps are used in large scientific research facilities, experiments, and telescopes to ensure that research is more efficient and that experiments and telescopes operate efficiently.
• Packaging Industry: Vacuum pumps play a major role in the development of the rapidly growing packaging industry in Turkey. Vacuum pumps are needed in all processes, from preventing air leakage during product packaging to ensuring a long shelf life.
• Casting Industry: The casting industry, which is developing worldwide, is a sector with considerable challenges. Vacuum pumps are preferred in order to reduce these challenges by half. For this purpose, vacuum pumps are preferred during metal casting processes to remove gases before pouring molten metal into the mold.
• Energy Production: Natural energy sources, which have attracted considerable attention recently, are essential for a green world. For this reason, vacuum pumps are often preferred in areas such as solar panel production.
• Wood Industry: Vacuum pumps, which are frequently used in the wood industry, are highly preferred for CNC routers, which are often used in the wood industry. This is because vacuum pumps offer significant advantages by increasing the efficiency and processing quality of CNC router systems.

What Happens When Vacuum Pumps Fail?

As with other mechanical devices, vacuum pumps also malfunction as a result of use. For this reason, when a malfunction occurs, certain changes take place in vacuum pumps. For example:

• Noisy operation
• Smoke extraction
• Excessive drop in vacuum pressure

When these situations occur in a vacuum pump, you can understand that the vacuum pump is slowly starting to break down and will eventually fail. If you encounter such situations, it is recommended that you repair the vacuum pump or purchase a new one without delay.